Role of immunoreactive patterns of lymph nodes in neck dissection cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma: a clinical and histopathological study

OBJECTIVES: Metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) can occur in a variety of ways, and draining lymphatics and lymph nodes serve as a common route. Prior to metastasis, lymph nodes elicit an immune response to either wall off or create a favorable environment for homing of tumor cells. This immune response to tumor stimuli is visualized by recognizing various immunoreactive patterns exhibited by the lymph node. The present study aims to evaluate the role of immuno-morphologic patterns of the lymph node in neck dissection for cases of OSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our retrospective study included 50 neck dissection cases of OSCC and a total of 1,078 lymph nodes. The grades of primary tumors with eight different immunoreactive patterns were compared. Vascularity and metastasis in lymph nodes were also evaluated. RESULTS: The lymphocyte predominant pattern was the most common immunoreactive pattern found in 396 of 1,078 lymph nodes. Patterns of lymphocyte predominant (P=0.0005), sinus histiocytosis (P=0.0500), paracortical hyperplasia (P=0.0001), cortical hyperplasia (P=0.0001), and increased vascularity (P=0.0190) were significantly associated with tumor grade. CONCLUSION: The present study adds to the understanding of lymph node immunoreactivity patterns and their correlation with tumor grade. We recommend further study of lymph node patterns for all sentinel lymph node biopsies and routine neck dissections for OSCCs.

Role of immunoreactive patterns of lymph nodes in neck dissection cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma: a clinical and histopathological study

OBJECTIVES@#Metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) can occur in a variety of ways, and draining lymphatics and lymph nodes serve as a common route. Prior to metastasis, lymph nodes elicit an immune response to either wall off or create a favorable environment for homing of tumor cells. This immune response to tumor stimuli is visualized by recognizing various immunoreactive patterns exhibited by the lymph node. The present study aims to evaluate the role of immuno-morphologic patterns of the lymph node in neck dissection for cases of OSCC.@*MATERIALS AND METHODS@#Our retrospective study included 50 neck dissection cases of OSCC and a total of 1,078 lymph nodes. The grades of primary tumors with eight different immunoreactive patterns were compared. Vascularity and metastasis in lymph nodes were also evaluated.@*RESULTS@#The lymphocyte predominant pattern was the most common immunoreactive pattern found in 396 of 1,078 lymph nodes. Patterns of lymphocyte predominant (P=0.0005), sinus histiocytosis (P=0.0500), paracortical hyperplasia (P=0.0001), cortical hyperplasia (P=0.0001), and increased vascularity (P=0.0190) were significantly associated with tumor grade.@*CONCLUSION@#The present study adds to the understanding of lymph node immunoreactivity patterns and their correlation with tumor grade. We recommend further study of lymph node patterns for all sentinel lymph node biopsies and routine neck dissections for OSCCs.

Culture media profoundly affect Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis growth, adhesion and biofilm development

As there are sparse data on the impact of growth media on the phenomenon of biofilm development for Candida we evaluated the efficacy of three culture media on growth, adhesion and biofilm formation of two pathogenic yeasts, Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. The planktonic phase yeast growth, either as monocultures or mixed cultures, in sabouraud dextrose broth (SDB), yeast nitrogen base (YNB), and RPMI 1640 was compared, and adhesion as well as biofilm formation were monitored using MTT and crystal violet (CV) assays and scanning electron microscopy. Planktonic cells of C. albicans, C. tropicalis and their 1:1 co-culture showed maximal growth in SDB. C. albicans/C. tropicalis adhesion was significantly facilitated in RPMI 1640 although the YNB elicited the maximum growth for C. tropicalis. Similarly, the biofilm growth was uniformly higher for both species in RPMI 1640, and C. tropicalis was the slower biofilm former in all three media. Scanning electron microscopy images tended to confirm the results of MTT and CV assay. Taken together, our data indicate that researchers should pay heed to the choice of laboratory culture media when comparing relative planktonic/biofilm growth of Candida. There is also a need for standardisation of biofilm development media so as to facilitate cross comparisons between laboratories.

Prevalence of dental caries in first and second permanent molars.

Background: This study was conducted to assess the First and Second molar permanent molar caries in school children of Nalgonda district, Andhrapradesh, India. Methods: We have taken total 1800 school going children as study population age between 12-15 years, who lived in the same place since birth and consumed drinking water form single source. Results: The mean of caries in first and second were 0.12 ± 0.36 and 0.36 ± 0.70 respectively and total was 0.49 ± 0.92. Conclusion: The prevalence of Second molar teeth was found higher than First molar teeth and these caries were untreated.

Exploring the Role of Religion in Smoking Cessation.

AIM: Religiosity has been associated with positive mental health. These activities have important role in promoting positive behaviors. Assessing the relationship religiosity with smoking behavior. Method: The Religious Background and Behaviors Questionnaire, Fagerstrom test of Nicotine Dependence and Smoking data sheet were administered on 32 male subjects in the age range of 30 to 60 years. Results : Subjects having high tobacco dependence were less likely to involve in religiosity. Conclusion: It has implications for involvement of religiosity and its practice in the promotion of positive health behaviors.

Early orthodontic treatment of unilateral mandibular left lateral incisor–canine transposition: A Case Report

Among dental anomalies, tooth transposition is considered the most difficult to manage clinically. Distal migration of permanent mandibular lateral incisor happens rarely. It can be discovered radiographically in the early mixed dentition & interceptive treatment is often appropriate. If left uncorrected it may erupt ectopically and the results are often unsatisfactory both esthetically and functionally. When transpositions are detected early the positions of the root apices are important in deciding where to move the transposed tooth. This article reports a case of early orthodontic treatment of a rare unilateral mandibular left lateral incisor – canine transposition.

Susceptibility to rubella among pregnant women and the serological evidence of congenital rubella in newborn babies at Colombo South Teaching Hospital.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the susceptibility to rubella infection in early pregnancy and the incidence of seropositivity of cord blood for rubella specific IgM among the newborn babies at Colombo South Teaching Hospital. METHODS: 1000 cord blood samples and 500 maternal blood samples from pregnant women before the 16th week of gestation were taken from the labour room and the antenatal clinic of the University Unit, Colombo South Teaching Hospital during the period of February 1999 to February 2001. These samples were tested for rubella specific IgM and IgG antibodies by ELISA. A detailed questionnaire was filled during the time of sampling. RESULTS: Of the 500 antenatal blood samples 82% were positive for rubella specific IgG. 373(75%) women gave a history of vaccination against rubella before their present pregnancy. Among the vaccinated 2(0.5%) were negative for IgG antibodies by ELISA. Out of 127 unvaccinated women 12(9%) gave a history of past infection with rubella and of this 3(25%) were seronegative for rubella specific IgG. 18% of pregnant women at 16 weeks of gestation were at risk of giving birth to a baby with congenital rubella syndrome. Among the tested 1000 cord blood samples three were seropositive (0.3%) for rubella specific IgM. CONCLUSIONS: A significant proportion of pregnant women were susceptible to rubella infection in the studied population. The present strategy of selective rubella vaccination should be reconsidered if we are to get closer to eliminating rubella syndrome in Sri Lanka.

Retinitis pigmentosum co-segregating with Enamel Hypoplasia (Amelogenesis Imperfecta)-A new Syndrome.

A family with the segregation of retinitis pigmentosum (RP) in combination with enamel hypoplasia (amelogenesis imperfecta - AI) is recorded. Family information collected over three generations revealed expression of the condition in two of the cousins born to half sibs. Parents of both the patients are cousins and are phenotypically normal. None of the sibs and other relatives of the patients are affected with any ophthalmic condition or dental anomalies. Ophthalmic evaluation of the patients revealed retinitis pigmentosa with nystagmus and optic atrophy and dental examination showed the presence of AI with hypoplastic enamel,' severe attrition of incisors and molars with narrowing of root canal and pulp chambers. Retinitis pigmentosum is a highly heterogeneous condition with 11 genes identified for an autosomal dominant, 13 for autosomal recessive and 5 for X-linked inheritance. Amelogenesis imperfecta is also a genetically heterogeneous condition showing all the three types of segregation. To the best of our knowledge co-segregation of RP with AI has not been reported. The family reported here may be considered as a new syndrome caused by a rare autosomal recessive gene with pleitropic effect affecting the retina and as well as the normal dentition. Alternatively it could also represent a rare coincidence of the two conditions.